| First identified at this site in 2003, this is one of the most
                prominent motifs forming components of what this author has
                dubbed Primal Imagery, likely persisting from "Old World" Paleolithic
                into Middle Woodland at this site, and into modern
                but traditional Inuit/Yupik iconography. 
                The theme is typically expressed as an animal (usually bird) or
                humanlike figure simply atop the head, and sometimes as full (shamanic?)
                headgear. | 
             
           
          
        
        
        
        
        
         
          
            
              | 
                 Above: 
                Figures from the Day's Knob site.
                | 
             
           
          
        
        
        
          
        
          
            | An anthropomorphic
              head (right profile) atop a weathered chert figure from a quarry
              at the  Topper site in South Carolina.  It did not appear in a
              pre-Clovis stratum, and could be from the Archaic Period. | 
           
         
          
         
          
         
         
          
            
              | 
                 In this context, consider
                these early 20th
                century photos of Native Americans (Apsaroke). 
               | 
             
           
          
        
        
          
        
          
            | 
               From more recently
              (2013), Johnny Depp's portrayal of Tonto in the film "The
              Lone Ranger".  This elicited ridicule from an audience
              unaware of this ancient symbolic expression.  (The bird's
              outstretched wings do seem a bit off...)  | 
           
         
          
         
          
          
        
          
            
              | 
                 Below: 
                For comparison with the above - left, a Late Woodland soapstone
                gorget; and right, a Mississippian
                limestone pipe, both in the same theme.  | 
             
           
         
          
         
        
         
       
         
       
          
        
        
          
            
              | Above, a finely chipped example
                of the theme in Vanport (Flint Ridge) chert, height 10 cm
                (4").  Here a decidedly human head, facing right,
                forms the crest over a more zoomorphic one.  (Surface
                find by Pamela Douglass in Licking County, Ohio.  Photo by Ken
                Johnston.) | 
             
           
          
        
        
          
            
              | Facing left, the theme in a
                flint figure from Simon Parkes in
                England, from a stratum indicating an age of
                125,000 - 200,000 years BP. | 
             
           
          
        
        
          
            
              | 
                 Again facing
                left, the motif in a weathered Australian
                sandstone artifact.  | 
             
           
          
         
        
        
          
            
              | Left, a limestone crested head
                figure from just beneath the surface of the earthwork
                at 33GU218.  Right, the head of a ceramic figure from
                the Turner Mound Group in southwestern Ohio. | 
             
           
         
          
        
         
        
          
        
          
            | 
               (Probably not
              relevant...)  | 
           
         
          
         
        
        
        
          
            
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